Step-by-Step: What Actually Happens When a Civil Lawsuit Is Filed Against You in California

Most people who get sued in California have never been through the civil litigation process before. The experience is disorienting by design — complex procedures, unfamiliar terminology, and tight deadlines that can have serious consequences if missed. For businesses and individuals in Los Angeles facing a civil lawsuit, understanding exactly what happens at each stage is the foundation for effective defense.
It starts with service of process. When a plaintiff files a lawsuit, they must formally serve the defendant with the summons and complaint. In California, this can happen through personal service, substituted service at your place of business, or other court-approved methods. The date of service is critical — it starts the 30-day clock to file a response.
Your civil defense attorney will file one of two responses: an Answer, which admits or denies the specific allegations and asserts affirmative defenses, or a Demurrer, which challenges the legal sufficiency of the complaint itself. In Los Angeles Superior Court, demurrers are a common first move in complex business litigation because they can knock out legally deficient claims before any discovery occurs.
If the case survives demurrer, the parties enter the discovery phase. This is where the real work of litigation happens. Both sides exchange written requests for documents and information, take depositions of key witnesses, and retain expert witnesses if the case requires technical analysis. Discovery in complex business or employment cases filed in Los Angeles can last many months and involve significant expense.
After discovery closes, parties typically file dispositive motions — including motions for summary judgment — asking the court to rule on legal issues without trial. Many cases in Los Angeles courts are resolved at this stage or through mediation-driven settlement before trial.
If the case goes to trial in Downtown LA or elsewhere in Los Angeles County, both sides present their evidence to a judge or jury. Civil trials in California require a 3/4 majority for a jury verdict.
Best Civil Attorneys guides clients through every step. Contact us today.